12장 Archive and copy files between systems
1. 아카이브
tar | cpio | |
아카이브 생성 | -cvf | -ocv |
아카이브 확인 | -tvf | -ict |
| 아카이브 해제 | -xvf | -icdmu |
1) tar : 묶어주기만 하고 압축하는 건 아님.
압축하려면 아래 옵션 추가
- -z : gzip 압축 (확장자 .gz)
- -j : bzip2 압축 (확장자 .bz2)
- -J : xz 압축 (확장자 .xz)
[root@station13 ~]# tar -cvzf /tmp/home.tar.gzip /home <--- /home 아래 디렉토리를 /tmp/home.tar.gzip으로 만들겠다.
[root@station13 ~]# tar -tvf /tmp/home.tar <--- 상대경로로 압축이 되어 있다. 현재 디렉토리 밑으로 만들어짐.
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-07-16 15:53 home/
drwx------ guru/guru 0 2018-07-12 02:49 home/guru/
drwxr-xr-x guru/guru 0 2018-07-12 02:48 home/guru/.mozilla/
drwxr-xr-x guru/guru 0 2014-06-10 04:37 home/guru/.mozilla/extensions/
drwxr-xr-x guru/guru 0 2014-06-10 04:37 home/guru/.mozilla/plugins/
-rw-r--r-- guru/guru 18 2016-12-07 08:19 home/guru/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- guru/guru 193 2016-12-07 08:19 home/guru/.bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- guru/guru 231 2016-12-07 08:19 home/guru/.bashrc
drwx------ visitor/visitor 0 2018-07-12 03:03 home/visitor/
drwxr-xr-x visitor/visitor 0 2018-07-12 02:48 home/visitor/.mozilla/
drwxr-xr-x visitor/visitor 0 2014-06-10 04:37 home/visitor/.mozilla/extensions/
drwxr-xr-x visitor/visitor 0 2014-06-10 04:37 home/visitor/.mozilla/plugins/
-rw-r--r-- visitor/visitor 18 2016-12-07 08:19 home/visitor/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- visitor/visitor 193 2016-12-07 08:19 home/visitor/.bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- visitor/visitor 231 2016-12-07 08:19 home/visitor/.bashrc
drwx------ hpuser/hpuser 0 2018-07-16 15:53 home/hpuser/
drwxr-xr-x hpuser/hpuser 0 2018-07-12 02:48 home/hpuser/.mozilla/
drwxr-xr-x hpuser/hpuser 0 2014-06-10 04:37 home/hpuser/.mozilla/extensions/
drwxr-xr-x hpuser/hpuser 0 2014-06-10 04:37 home/hpuser/.mozilla/plugins/
-rw-r--r-- hpuser/hpuser 18 2016-12-07 08:19 home/hpuser/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- hpuser/hpuser 193 2016-12-07 08:19 home/hpuser/.bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- hpuser/hpuser 231 2016-12-07 08:19 home/hpuser/.bashrc
[root@station13 ~]# tar -xvf /tmmp/home.tar -C / <------- 대문자 C옵션을 줘서 압축해제할 경로를 지정할 수도 있다. 즉 이건 / 밑에 압축해제 하겠다는 것.
2) cpio
- cpio 명령어는 아규먼트를 가질 수 없어서 입력/출력 리다이렉션을 사용해야 한다.
- cpio는 절대경로로 묶어진다.
[root@station13 ~]# find /home | cpio -ocv > /tmp/home.cpio
/home
/home/guru
/home/guru/.mozilla
/home/guru/.mozilla/extensions
/home/guru/.mozilla/plugins
/home/guru/.bash_logout
/home/guru/.bash_profile
/home/guru/.bashrc
/home/visitor
/home/visitor/.mozilla
/home/visitor/.mozilla/extensions
/home/visitor/.mozilla/plugins
/home/visitor/.bash_logout
/home/visitor/.bash_profile
/home/visitor/.bashrc
/home/hpuser
/home/hpuser/.mozilla
/home/hpuser/.mozilla/extensions
/home/hpuser/.mozilla/plugins
/home/hpuser/.bash_logout
/home/hpuser/.bash_profile
/home/hpuser/.bashrc
9 blocks
[root@station13 ~]# cpio -ict < /tmp/home.cpio <----- 이건 절대경로로 묶음이 된다.
/home
/home/guru
/home/guru/.mozilla
/home/guru/.mozilla/extensions
/home/guru/.mozilla/plugins
/home/guru/.bash_logout
/home/guru/.bash_profile
/home/guru/.bashrc
/home/visitor
/home/visitor/.mozilla
/home/visitor/.mozilla/extensions
/home/visitor/.mozilla/plugins
/home/visitor/.bash_logout
/home/visitor/.bash_profile
/home/visitor/.bashrc
/home/hpuser
/home/hpuser/.mozilla
/home/hpuser/.mozilla/extensions
/home/hpuser/.mozilla/plugins
/home/hpuser/.bash_logout
/home/hpuser/.bash_profile
/home/hpuser/.bashrc
9 blocks
2. gzip / bzip2
1) gip : 자동적으로 확장자가 .gz가 붙는다.
- gunzip : gzip을 언집할때.
2) bzip2 : 속도/압축률이 gzip이 더 높다. 자동적으로 .bz2 확장자 붙는다.
[root@station13 tmp]# gzip home.cpio
[root@station13 tmp]# ls
firefox_root systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-colord.service-sf3ci9
home.cpio.gz systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-cups.service-SKqcdG
home.tar systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-rtkit-daemon.service-XzowTt
home.tar.gzip systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-systemd-machined.service-ajNq49
hsperfdata_root tracker-extract-files.0
ks-script-9AOQ0v yum.log
ks-script-hpNmpD yum_save_tx.2018-07-16.13-47.4KOAfW.yumtx
ssh-JuCCYwObYdgh yum_save_tx.2018-07-16.13-47.a_sAKQ.yumtx
[root@station13 tmp]#
[root@station13 tmp]# gunzip home.cpio.gz
[root@station13 tmp]# ls
firefox_root systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-colord.service-sf3ci9
home.cpio systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-cups.service-SKqcdG
home.tar systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-rtkit-daemon.service-XzowTt
home.tar.gzip systemd-private-3f4d6de6701647cc8fbb6316c904390e-systemd-machined.service-ajNq49
hsperfdata_root tracker-extract-files.0
ks-script-9AOQ0v yum.log
ks-script-hpNmpD yum_save_tx.2018-07-16.13-47.4KOAfW.yumtx
ssh-JuCCYwObYdgh yum_save_tx.2018-07-16.13-47.a_sAKQ.yumtx
13장 Install and update software packages
1. RPM 패키지파일
1) noarch : 아키텍처랑은 상관없다.
2) SPARC : SPARC CPU
3) x86_64 : AMD64/Intel64 CPU
4) http://rpmfind.net/ : rpm 검색 가능. 보통은 검색 불가능.
http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=sendmail&submit=Search+...&system=centos&arch=
이런식으로 검색....
Download 항목에서 우클릭 > copy link location
# wget http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.5.1804/os/x86_64/Packages/sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
2. RPM 파일 사용
1) -Uvh 패키지명 : 설치가 안되어 있으면 해주고 되어있는데 더 높은버전이면 얘로 업그레이드하라.
2) -ql 패키지명 : 어디에, 어떤 구성으로 설치되어 있는지 확인.
3) -V 패키지명 : 패키지 위조변조 여부 확인.
4) -e 패키지명 : 패키지 삭제
5) -qf 파일절대경로 : 어떤 파일이 무슨 rpm에 포함되어 있는지 확인.
6) --force 패키지명 : 강제적으로 설치/업데이트할때
7) --nodeps 패키지명 : 노디펜던시. 디펜던시 무시하고 설치/제거
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -qa // 이 시스템에 설치된 모든 패키지 보여달라.
[root@station13 ~]# rmp -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm // U는 업그레이드 : 설치가 안되어 있으면 해주고,
설치가 되어있는데 버전이 더 높으면 얘로 업그레이드하라.
// v는 verbose , h는 해쉬로 우물정자로 진행률 표시해줘라.
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
procmail is needed by sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# wget http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.5.1804/os/x86_64/Packages/procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
--2018-07-17 11:26:02-- http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.5.1804/os/x86_64/Packages/procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
Resolving rpmfind.net (rpmfind.net)... 195.220.108.108
Connecting to rpmfind.net (rpmfind.net)|195.220.108.108|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 175608 (171K) [application/x-rpm]
Saving to: ‘procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm’
100%[===============================================================>] 175,608 180KB/s in 1.0s
2018-07-17 11:26:03 (180 KB/s) - ‘procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm’ saved [175608/175608]
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1 ################################# [100%]
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -qa | grep sendmail
sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -ql sendmail
/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-sendmail
/etc/mail
/etc/mail/Makefile
/etc/mail/access
/etc/mail/access.db
/etc/mail/aliasesdb-stamp
/etc/mail/domaintable
/etc/mail/domaintable.db
/etc/mail/helpfile
/etc/mail/local-host-names
/etc/mail/mailertable
/etc/mail/mailertable.db
/etc/mail/make
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/sendmail.mc
/etc/mail/submit.cf
/etc/mail/submit.mc
/etc/mail/trusted-users
/etc/mail/virtusertable
/etc/mail/virtusertable.db
/etc/pam.d/smtp
/etc/pam.d/smtp.sendmail
/etc/sasl2/Sendmail.conf
/etc/smrsh
/etc/sysconfig/sendmail
/usr/bin/hoststat
/usr/bin/mailq
/usr/bin/mailq.sendmail
/usr/bin/makemap
/usr/bin/newaliases
/usr/bin/newaliases.sendmail
/usr/bin/purgestat
/usr/bin/rmail
/usr/bin/rmail.sendmail
/usr/lib/sendmail
/usr/lib/sendmail.sendmail
/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/sm-client.service
/usr/sbin/editmap
/usr/sbin/editmap.sendmail
/usr/sbin/mailstats
/usr/sbin/makemap
/usr/sbin/makemap.sendmail
/usr/sbin/praliases
/usr/sbin/sendmail
/usr/sbin/sendmail.sendmail
/usr/sbin/smrsh
/usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.14.7
/usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.14.7/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.14.7/KNOWNBUGS
/usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.14.7/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.14.7/README
/usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.14.7/RELEASE_NOTES.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mailq.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mailq.sendmail.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.sendmail.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/aliases.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/aliases.sendmail.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/editmap.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/editmap.sendmail.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/hoststat.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/mailstats.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/makemap.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/makemap.sendmail.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/praliases.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/purgestat.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/rmail.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/rmail.sendmail.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.sendmail.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/smrsh.8.gz
/var/log/mail
/var/log/mail/statistics
/var/spool/clientmqueue
/var/spool/clientmqueue/sm-client.st
/var/spool/mqueue
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -V sendmail
[root@station13 ~]# rm -f /usr/sbin/makemap // 변조
[root@station13 ~]# echo hi >> /usr/bin/rmail //변조
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -V sendmail
S.5....T. /usr/bin/rmail.sendmail // 삭제했으면 missing이라고 나와야 하는데.. 안 나온다 ㅋㅋ 멍청하당 헤헷. 링크파일 지우면 못알아차린다.
// S : size 가 바뀌었다, 5 : 해쉬값이 바뀌었다. man rpm 하면 확인할 수 있다.
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
/usr/bin/ls
[root@station13 ~]# whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/ls
coreutils-8.22-18.el7.x86_64
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
warning: sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# ls /usr/sbin/sendmail
/usr/sbin/sendmail
[root@station13 ~]# ls /usr/sbin/makemap
/usr/sbin/makemap
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -e procmail
error: Failed dependencies:
procmail is needed by (installed) sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64 // 의존성 있어서 삭제가 안 된다.
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
procmail is needed by sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64
[root@station13 ~]# rpm -Uvh sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps // 설치할때도 nodeps 사용 가능.. 근데 보통 사용 안함.
warning: sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@station13 ~]#
3. YUM
1) grouplist : 묶음그룹 리스트.
2) search 패키지명 : 레포지토리에 있는 패키지 검색
3) groupinstall "그룹명" : 그룹 설치
4) repolist : 레포지토리 리스트 나열
[root@station13 ~]# yum search ssl // 현재 서버에 설치되어 있든 아니든 레포지토리에 있는 패키지들 보여줌.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
=========================================== N/S matched: ssl ============================================
mod_ssl.x86_64 : SSL/TLS module for the Apache HTTP Server
nss_compat_ossl.x86_64 : Source-level compatibility library for OpenSSL to NSS porting
openssl-devel.x86_64 : Files for development of applications which will use OpenSSL
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-Bignum.x86_64 : Perl interface to OpenSSL for Bignum
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-RSA.x86_64 : Perl interface to OpenSSL for RSA
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-Random.x86_64 : Perl interface to OpenSSL for Random
perl-Crypt-SSLeay.x86_64 : Crypt::SSLeay - OpenSSL glue that provides LWP https support
perl-IO-Socket-SSL.noarch : Perl library for transparent SSL
perl-Net-SMTP-SSL.noarch : SSL support for Net::SMTP
perl-Net-SSLeay.x86_64 : Perl extension for using OpenSSL
pyOpenSSL.x86_64 : Python wrapper module around the OpenSSL library
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch : The ssl.match_hostname() function from Python 3
qca-ossl.x86_64 : OpenSSL plugin for the Qt Cryptographic Architecture v2
crypto-utils.x86_64 : SSL certificate and key management utilities
docbook-style-dsssl.noarch : Norman Walsh's modular stylesheets for DocBook
flac-libs.x86_64 : Libraries for the Free Lossless Audio Codec
jbigkit-libs.x86_64 : JBIG1 lossless image compression library
m2crypto.x86_64 : Support for using OpenSSL in python scripts
mod_nss.x86_64 : SSL/TLS module for the Apache HTTP server
openjade.x86_64 : A DSSSL implementation
openssl.x86_64 : Utilities from the general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation
openssl-libs.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation
openssl098e.x86_64 : A compatibility version of a general cryptography and TLS library
openvpn.x86_64 : A full-featured SSL VPN solution
stunnel.x86_64 : An SSL-encrypting socket wrapper
texlive-jadetex.noarch : Macros supporting Jade DSSSL output
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# yum install mod_ssl
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
classRPMs | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
errataRPMs | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664 for package: 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: httpd = 2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 for package: 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: httpd for package: 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
mod_ssl x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 base 105 k
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 base 2.7 M
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 base 84 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.1 M
Installed size: 10 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y // d=download : 설치는 하지 않고 다운로드만 하겠다.
Downloading packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 10 MB/s | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 3/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 4/5
Installing : 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 2/5
Verifying : 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4
Complete!
[root@station13 ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
Done
[root@station13 ~]# yum -y groupinstall File and Print Server // 공백 걍 냅두면 안된다. 하나의 argument로 인식시켜줘야 한다.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Warning: group File does not exist.
Warning: group and does not exist.
Warning: group Print does not exist.
Warning: group Server does not exist.
Maybe run: yum groups mark install (see man yum)
Error: No packages in any requested group available to install or update
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# yum -y groupinstall "File and Print Server"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Warning: Group base does not have any packages to install.
Group base does have 1 conditional packages, which may get installed.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package foomatic.x86_64 0:4.0.9-8.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: foomatic-db for package: foomatic-4.0.9-8.el7.x86_64
---> Package foomatic-filters.x86_64 0:4.0.9-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package iprutils.x86_64 0:2.4.13.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: lsscsi for package: iprutils-2.4.13.1-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package samba.x86_64 0:4.4.4-14.el7_3 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: samba-libs = 4.4.4-14.el7_3 for package: samba-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: samba-common-tools = 4.4.4-14.el7_3 for package: samba-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxattr-tdb-samba4.so(SAMBA_4.4.4)(64bit) for package: samba-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxattr-tdb-samba4.so()(64bit) for package: samba-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
---> Package targetd.noarch 0:0.7.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: lvm2-python-libs >= 2.02.99 for package: targetd-0.7.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-setproctitle for package: targetd-0.7.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: PyYAML for package: targetd-0.7.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libyaml-0.so.2()(64bit) for package: PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64
---> Package foomatic-db.noarch 0:4.0-40.20130911.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: foomatic-db-ppds = 4.0-40.20130911.el7 for package: foomatic-db-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: foomatic-db-filesystem = 4.0-40.20130911.el7 for package: foomatic-db-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch
---> Package lsscsi.x86_64 0:0.27-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package lvm2-python-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.166-1.el7_3.5 will be installed
---> Package python-setproctitle.x86_64 0:1.1.6-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-common-tools.x86_64 0:4.4.4-14.el7_3 will be installed
---> Package samba-libs.x86_64 0:4.4.4-14.el7_3 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libpytalloc-util.so.2(PYTALLOC_UTIL_2.1.6)(64bit) for package: samba-libs-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpytalloc-util.so.2(PYTALLOC_UTIL_2.0.6)(64bit) for package: samba-libs-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpytalloc-util.so.2()(64bit) for package: samba-libs-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package foomatic-db-filesystem.noarch 0:4.0-40.20130911.el7 will be installed
---> Package foomatic-db-ppds.noarch 0:4.0-40.20130911.el7 will be installed
---> Package libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 will be installed
---> Package pytalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.6-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing for group install "Core":
iprutils x86_64 2.4.13.1-1.el7 base 243 k
Installing for group install "File and Storage Server":
samba x86_64 4.4.4-14.el7_3 base 610 k
targetd noarch 0.7.1-1.el7 base 49 k
Installing for group install "Print Server":
foomatic x86_64 4.0.9-8.el7 base 253 k
foomatic-filters x86_64 4.0.9-8.el7 base 98 k
Installing for dependencies:
PyYAML x86_64 3.10-11.el7 base 153 k
foomatic-db noarch 4.0-40.20130911.el7 base 1.0 M
foomatic-db-filesystem noarch 4.0-40.20130911.el7 base 9.1 k
foomatic-db-ppds noarch 4.0-40.20130911.el7 base 29 M
libyaml x86_64 0.1.4-11.el7_0 base 55 k
lsscsi x86_64 0.27-4.el7 base 47 k
lvm2-python-libs x86_64 7:2.02.166-1.el7_3.5 base 174 k
pytalloc x86_64 2.1.6-1.el7 base 15 k
python-setproctitle x86_64 1.1.6-5.el7 base 15 k
samba-common-tools x86_64 4.4.4-14.el7_3 base 451 k
samba-libs x86_64 4.4.4-14.el7_3 base 260 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 5 Packages (+11 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 32 M
Installed size: 48 M
Downloading packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 11 MB/s | 32 MB 00:00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : foomatic-db-filesystem-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch 1/16
Installing : foomatic-db-ppds-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch 2/16
Installing : foomatic-db-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch 3/16
Installing : foomatic-filters-4.0.9-8.el7.x86_64 4/16
Installing : pytalloc-2.1.6-1.el7.x86_64 5/16
Installing : samba-libs-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64 6/16
Installing : samba-common-tools-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64 7/16
Installing : 7:lvm2-python-libs-2.02.166-1.el7_3.5.x86_64 8/16
Installing : python-setproctitle-1.1.6-5.el7.x86_64 9/16
Installing : libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64 10/16
Installing : PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64 11/16
Installing : lsscsi-0.27-4.el7.x86_64 12/16
Installing : iprutils-2.4.13.1-1.el7.x86_64 13/16
Installing : targetd-0.7.1-1.el7.noarch 14/16
Installing : samba-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64 15/16
Installing : foomatic-4.0.9-8.el7.x86_64 16/16
Verifying : lsscsi-0.27-4.el7.x86_64 1/16
Verifying : libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64 2/16
Verifying : python-setproctitle-1.1.6-5.el7.x86_64 3/16
Verifying : foomatic-4.0.9-8.el7.x86_64 4/16
Verifying : samba-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64 5/16
Verifying : foomatic-db-ppds-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch 6/16
Verifying : 7:lvm2-python-libs-2.02.166-1.el7_3.5.x86_64 7/16
Verifying : iprutils-2.4.13.1-1.el7.x86_64 8/16
Verifying : pytalloc-2.1.6-1.el7.x86_64 9/16
Verifying : foomatic-db-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch 10/16
Verifying : foomatic-db-filesystem-4.0-40.20130911.el7.noarch 11/16
Verifying : samba-libs-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64 12/16
Verifying : samba-common-tools-4.4.4-14.el7_3.x86_64 13/16
Verifying : targetd-0.7.1-1.el7.noarch 14/16
Verifying : PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64 15/16
Verifying : foomatic-filters-4.0.9-8.el7.x86_64 16/16
Installed:
foomatic.x86_64 0:4.0.9-8.el7 foomatic-filters.x86_64 0:4.0.9-8.el7 iprutils.x86_64 0:2.4.13.1-1.el7
samba.x86_64 0:4.4.4-14.el7_3 targetd.noarch 0:0.7.1-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7 foomatic-db.noarch 0:4.0-40.20130911.el7
foomatic-db-filesystem.noarch 0:4.0-40.20130911.el7 foomatic-db-ppds.noarch 0:4.0-40.20130911.el7
libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 lsscsi.x86_64 0:0.27-4.el7
lvm2-python-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.166-1.el7_3.5 pytalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.6-1.el7
python-setproctitle.x86_64 0:1.1.6-5.el7 samba-common-tools.x86_64 0:4.4.4-14.el7_3
samba-libs.x86_64 0:4.4.4-14.el7_3
Complete!
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base CentOS 7 - x86_64 - base 3,831
classRPMs Custom Guru Labs Classroom RPMs 183
errataRPMs CentOS 7 - Server - x86_64 - Errata 286
repolist: 4,300
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-Base.repo.reallydisabled
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-Media.repo.reallydisabled
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2893 Jul 12 03:03 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 392 Jan 6 2017 classroom.repo
[root@station13 testrepo]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel
4e309143a2bee08d652fd9c321bc3b5911e8028554876fa270a60e00d178b807-updateinfo.xml.bz2
c05b9b116fbeb56969f8572766a459cf23c8887335f16611b097073726a45f77-comps-Everything.x86_64.xml.gz
cachecookie
fc53acddb91f9b7896dbcb406b77f89ee5ad6bef2e45e3fa487aa71cb8b0de78-primary.xml.gz
gen
metalink.xml
packages
repomd.xml
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum install dbench
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror.premi.st
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dbench.x86_64 0:4.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
dbench x86_64 4.0-10.el7 epel 1.0 M
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 1.0 M
Installed size: 25 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: d
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/dbench-4.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm.6393.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Public key for dbench-4.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm.6393.tmp is not installed
dbench-4.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:02
exiting because "Download only" specified
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/
dbench-4.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm // 다운로드됨.
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: base classRPMs epel errataRPMs
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/ //다운받은 거 클리어 됐다.
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum remove mod_ssl
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
base/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00
base/primary_db | 3.0 MB 00:00:00
classRPMs | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
classRPMs/primary_db | 137 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 4.8 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64 | 3.2 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 927 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/primary | 3.5 MB 00:00:00
errataRPMs | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
errataRPMs/primary_db | 685 kB 00:00:00
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Removing:
mod_ssl x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 @base 224 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Installed size: 224 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4
Complete!
[root@station13 testrepo]# rpm -qa | grep ssl
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch
openssl-libs-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64
openssl-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 | root <root> | 2018-07-17 14:47 | Erase | 1
6 | root <root> | 2018-07-17 14:19 | Install | 3 <
5 | root <root> | 2018-07-17 12:19 | Install | 16 >
4 | root <root> | 2018-07-17 12:13 | Install | 5 <
3 | System <unset> | 2018-07-16 13:47 | Install | 1 >
2 | root <root> | 2018-07-16 13:45 | Install | 43 <
1 | System <unset> | 2018-07-12 02:48 | Install | 1362 >
history list
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum history info 7
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Transaction ID : 7
Begin time : Tue Jul 17 14:47:42 2018
Begin rpmdb : 1437:645f0ab72b5c7e8441f0d8ea985805885f1d73ac
End time : 14:47:43 2018 (1 seconds)
End rpmdb : 1436:e1ac362119f1cc6b93264b2aba6994676c395a33
User : root <root>
Return-Code : Success
Command Line : remove mod_ssl
Transaction performed with:
Installed rpm-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 @anaconda
Installed yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch @anaconda
Installed yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch @anaconda
Packages Altered:
Erase mod_ssl-1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 @base
history info
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum history undo 7 // 7번 항목 (erase mod_ssl) 한거 undo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Undoing transaction 7, from Tue Jul 17 14:47:42 2018
Erase mod_ssl-1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 @base
Determining fastest mirrors
* epel: mirror.premi.st
epel 12611/12611
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
mod_ssl x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 base 105 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 105 k
Installed size: 224 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4
Complete!
[root@station13 testrepo]#
# /etc/yum.conf : yum 동작 정의. 별로 건드릴 일이 없다.
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
# This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata
# is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to
# download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct
# information.
# It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like
# Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking
# interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
[root@station13 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/classroom.repo
[base]
name=CentOS $releasever - $basearch - base
baseurl=file:///net/server1/export/netinstall/CENTOS7
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[classRPMs]
name=Custom Guru Labs Classroom RPMs
baseurl=file:///net/server1/export/courserepos/R7
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[errataRPMs]
name=CentOS $releasever - Server - $basearch - Errata
baseurl=file:///net/server1/export/courserepos/errata/R7
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
4. EPEL
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL
https://zetawiki.com/wiki/YUM_epel_%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%A5%EC%86%8C_%EC%B6%94%EA%B0%80
epel = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux→ 엔터프라이즈 리눅스를 위한 추가 패키지
If you are running an EL7 version, please visit here to get the newest 'epel-release' package for EL7: The newest version of 'epel-release' for EL7
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
Retrieving https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.WqtRaM: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:epel-release-7-11 ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
epel-testing.repo epel.repo local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 94 Jul 17 13:54 local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@station13 ~]# yum search dbench
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
epel/x86_64/metalink | 4.8 kB 00:00:00
epel | 3.2 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 927 kB 00:00:01
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary | 3.5 MB 00:00:03
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror.premi.st
epel 12611/12611
========================================== N/S matched: dbench ==========================================
dbench.x86_64 : Filesystem load benchmarking tool
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
5. HTTP 레포지토리 만들기
//아까 mod_ssl 설치하면서 아파치 웹서버 패키지도 설치됨.
[root@station13 ~]# cp *.rpm /var/www/html/testrepo/
[root@station13 ~]#
[root@station13 ~]# cd /var/www/html/testrepo/
[root@station13 testrepo]# ls
procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# yum -y install createrepo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror.premi.st
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package createrepo.noarch 0:0.9.9-26.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-deltarpm for package: createrepo-0.9.9-26.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: deltarpm for package: createrepo-0.9.9-26.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
createrepo noarch 0.9.9-26.el7 base 92 k
Installing for dependencies:
deltarpm x86_64 3.6-3.el7 base 82 k
python-deltarpm x86_64 3.6-3.el7 base 31 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 206 k
Installed size: 555 k
Downloading packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.1 MB/s | 206 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 1/3
Installing : python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 2/3
Installing : createrepo-0.9.9-26.el7.noarch 3/3
Verifying : deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : createrepo-0.9.9-26.el7.noarch 3/3
Installed:
createrepo.noarch 0:0.9.9-26.el7
Dependency Installed:
deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7 python-deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7
Complete!
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# createrepo . // 여기있는 RPM 으로 createrepo. 의존성 같은거 검사해서 레포지토리 생성.
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 2 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 3 with 0 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@station13 testrepo]# ll
total 916
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 175608 Jul 17 14:19 procmail-3.22-36.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 17 14:20 repodata
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 754092 Jul 17 14:19 sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@station13 testrepo]# ls repodata
13d7fa1923467ea57769f3e96c56892200f04dd8f2f8b7d1d24b25e6b310e96e-filelists.sqlite.bz2
383307f979b1f5dd22bfc2e601092f4f96285fb077a8fc23b7634bbb18f20626-primary.sqlite.bz2
a22538ea7862faa9ea1cfd9197b1c5f3461fd096fffdfcc6d11a85f378e63d18-other.sqlite.bz2
ba438b1136ea08ffa20682cae4f067cd43645b45bdf69877baf5fd6c9ac4a300-primary.xml.gz
f148dcbc332da9a650d32df57b4138bb182324d06a268d272dcd8c81bd35be7b-other.xml.gz
f64b81bb246249f1398e57cf39e7d61da35d23493e11fc0c616212ecce84a771-filelists.xml.gz
repomd.xml
[root@station13 testrepo]# systemctl start httpd
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]#
[root@station13 testrepo]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-07-17 14:35:49 KST; 5s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Main PID: 6149 (httpd)
Status: "Processing requests..."
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─6149 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─6150 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─6151 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─6152 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─6153 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─6154 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Jul 17 14:35:48 station13.example.com systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Jul 17 14:35:49 station13.example.com systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
## VM (repo 클라이언트)
## /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[physical]
name=physical
baseurl=http://192.168.122.1/testrepo
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
14장 Access Linux file systems
1. 파일시스템이란?
- 데이터를 저장 할 수 있는 구조
2. 파일시스템 종류
1) 7버전부터... xfs 생김. ext 버림..
3. 파티션 구조
[root@station13 testrepo]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot ----> 아나콘다가 lvm을 몰라서 커널/부트로더 이런 것들이 lvm에 설치에 못한다... 차후엔 다 lvm으로 나올거다.
├─sda2 8:2 0 34.2G 0 part
│ ├─vg0-root 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm /
│ ├─vg0-swap 253:1 0 512M 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ ├─vg0-tmp 253:2 0 1G 0 lvm /tmp
│ └─vg0-var 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /var
└─sda3 8:3 0 100G 0 part /var/lib/libvirt/images
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
4. 파티셔닝
1) fdisk : 2TB 미만 MBR 까지만 파티셔닝 가능
2) gdisk : 2TB 이상 GPT도 파티션테이블 가능
3) extended 파티션 : 데이터 못 씀 걍 디스크 그릇일 뿐. 그 안에 로지컬 파티션을 만들어야 함.
4) fdisk,gdisk : w 해야 쓰여짐. 바로 파티셔닝 안 함.
5) parted : 걍 바로 파티션 만들어버림.
######### fdisk 사용
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 3G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 3G 0 disk
vda 252:0 0 30G 0 disk
|-vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
`-vda2 252:2 0 29G 0 part
|-cl-root 253:0 0 27G 0 lvm /
`-cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc7600161.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-6291455, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-6291455, default 6291455): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc7600161
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (1026048-6291455, default 1026048):
Using default value 1026048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-6291455, default 6291455): +400M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 400 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc7600161
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 1845247 409600 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Partition 2 is deleted
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc7600161
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (1026048-6291455, default 1026048):
Using default value 1026048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-6291455, default 6291455):
Using default value 6291455
Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 2.5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc7600161
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 6291455 2632704 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5) // 4까지는 프라이머리를 위해 예약됨
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (1028096-6291455, default 1028096):
Using default value 1028096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1028096-6291455, default 6291455): +300M
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 300 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc7600161
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 6291455 2632704 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1028096 1642495 307200 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
### parted 사용
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space,
all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU
Parted
(parted) mklabel msdos
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost.
Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted)
(parted) mkpart primary 0M 600M
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 600MB 600MB primary // ignore 해도 0부터 시작하지는 않는다.
(parted) mkpart primary 600M 1100M
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 600MB 600MB primary
2 600MB 1100MB 500MB primary
(parted) rm 2
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 600MB 600MB primary
(parted) mkpart primary 600M 100%
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 600MB 600MB primary
2 600MB 3221MB 2621MB primary
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 3G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
|-sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
`-sda5 8:5 0 300M 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 3G 0 disk
|-sdb1 8:17 0 572.2M 0 part
`-sdb2 8:18 0 2.5G 0 part
vda 252:0 0 30G 0 disk
|-vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
`-vda2 252:2 0 29G 0 part
|-cl-root 253:0 0 27G 0 lvm /
`-cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
5. 디스크 종류
HDD-------SCSI, SAS, SATA : SDXX
|---IDE : HDXX
|--- Virtual Disk : VDXX
6. 디스크 포맷
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
|-sda1
|-sda2
`-sda5
sdb
|-sdb1
`-sdb2
vda
|-vda1 xfs 6ad7f1e0-44ee-447e-9722-e025d75aa66b /boot
`-vda2 LVM2_member S9z7ps-wqio-Aj4S-u2M7-mrqh-Nn0D-YKqJwp
|-cl-root xfs bcce7fe1-2bbe-4d56-a827-938192523236 /
`-cl-swap swap 879c7cab-d3c7-478f-b9fc-93b5fceb9fe4 [SWAP]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
128016 inodes, 512000 blocks
25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
63 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sda5
meta-data=/dev/sda5 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=19200 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=76800, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
|-sda1 ext4 5c30e23a-78a9-40ff-87d4-ecb52b08e35d
|-sda2
`-sda5 xfs 1fc3dcce-8809-43a2-a200-15d4d1d2eda1
sdb
|-sdb1
`-sdb2
vda
|-vda1 xfs 6ad7f1e0-44ee-447e-9722-e025d75aa66b /boot
`-vda2 LVM2_member S9z7ps-wqio-Aj4S-u2M7-mrqh-Nn0D-YKqJwp
|-cl-root xfs bcce7fe1-2bbe-4d56-a827-938192523236 /
`-cl-swap swap 879c7cab-d3c7-478f-b9fc-93b5fceb9fe4 [SWAP]
7. 디스크 언마운트
[root@localhost ~]# umount /red
umount: /red: target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# fuser -cu /red
/red: 1585c(guru) ---> pid 1585로 guru라는 유저가 사용중
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep 1585
guru 1585 1582 0 16:56 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 2406 2340 0 16:58 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto 1585
[root@localhost ~]# fuser -kcu /red
/red: 1585c(guru) ---> 해당 유저 강제 로그아웃
8. 이건 뭔지 모르겠다 걍 의식의 흐름대로 따라간다...ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
[root@localhost ~]# lsof /red
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_info /dev/sda5
meta-data=/dev/sda5 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=19200 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=76800, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1 | more
dumpe2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 5c30e23a-78a9-40ff-87d4-ecb52b08e35d
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype n
eeds_recovery extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink ex
tra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 128016
Block count: 512000
Reserved block count: 25600
Free blocks: 485316
Free inodes: 128005
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 2032
Inode blocks per group: 254
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Tue Jul 17 16:18:22 2018
Last mount time: Tue Jul 17 16:55:21 2018
Last write time: Tue Jul 17 16:55:21 2018
Mount count: 3
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Tue Jul 17 16:18:22 2018
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 24 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 128
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 0caf13c0-9174-4ae4-ae90-784d8294e5eb
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal features: journal_64bit
Journal size: 8M
Journal length: 8192
Journal sequence: 0x00000007
Journal start: 0
Group 0: (Blocks 1-8192) [ITABLE_ZEROED]
Checksum 0x9b15, unused inodes 2021
Primary superblock at 1, Group descriptors at 2-5
Reserved GDT blocks at 6-261
Block bitmap at 262 (+261), Inode bitmap at 278 (+277)
Inode table at 294-547 (+293)
3821 free blocks, 2021 free inodes, 2 directories, 2021 unused inodes
Free blocks: 4372-8192
Free inodes: 12-2032
...............
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_admin -L xfslabel /dev/sda5
writing all SBs
new label = "xfslabel"
[root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sda1 ext4label
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk -f // UUID 까지 보기
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 ext4label 5c30e23a-78a9-40ff-87d4-ecb52b08e35d
├─sda2
└─sda5 xfs xfslabel 1fc3dcce-8809-43a2-a200-15d4d1d2eda1
sdb
├─sdb1
└─sdb2
vda
├─vda1 xfs 6ad7f1e0-44ee-447e-9722-e025d75aa66b /boot
└─vda2 LVM2_mem S9z7ps-wqio-Aj4S-u2M7-mrqh-Nn0D-YKqJwp
├─cl-root xfs bcce7fe1-2bbe-4d56-a827-938192523236 /
└─cl-swap swap 879c7cab-d3c7-478f-b9fc-93b5fceb9fe4 [SWAP]
9. XFS (7버전에서 새롭게 채택된 파일시스템)
※ XFS는 사이즈 줄이는건 불가능.... 헐.. ext는 늘일수도 줄일수도 있다.
1) xfs_admin : XFS 파일시스템의 파라미터 보고 변경하는 데 사용. (view and change parameters of an XFS filesystem.)
2) xfs_repair : FS에 문제 생겼으면 수동으로 이 명령어로 문제가 있는지 없는지 체크하고 해결
3) xfs_growfs : LVM 할때 사용
4) xfsdump : 백업
#### 새로운 UUID로 변경
[root@localhost ~]# umount /blue
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_admin -u /dev/sda5
UUID = 1fc3dcce-8809-43a2-a200-15d4d1d2eda1
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_admin -U generate /dev/sda5 //UUID 변경
Clearing log and setting UUID
writing all SBs
new UUID = 8ef63baf-3427-4ac0-9200-56cc7b6bd1f8
//바뀐 UUID fstab에 반영시키고 다시 마운트
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 27G 4.1G 23G 15% /
devtmpfs 984M 0 984M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1001M 144K 1001M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1001M 8.9M 992M 1% /run
tmpfs 1001M 0 1001M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 157M 858M 16% /boot
tmpfs 201M 4.0K 201M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 201M 12K 201M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sda1 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /red
/dev/sda5 297M 16M 282M 6% /blue
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/{a,b,c,d}* /blue
cp: omitting directory `/etc/abrt'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/alsa'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/alternatives'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/at-spi2'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/audisp'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/audit'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/avahi'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/bash_completion.d'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/binfmt.d'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/bluetooth'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/brltty'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/chkconfig.d'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cifs-utils'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cron.d'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cron.daily'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cron.hourly'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cron.monthly'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cron.weekly'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cups'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/cupshelpers'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/dbus-1'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/dconf'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/default'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/depmod.d'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/dhcp'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/dnsmasq.d'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/dracut.conf.d'
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_freeze -f /blue
// 다른 터미널창 열어서...
[root@localhost ~]# xfsdump -f /tmp/dumptest /blue
xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsdump: version 3.1.4 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
============================= dump label dialog ==============================
please enter label for this dump session (timeout in 300 sec)
-> bluebackup
session label entered: "bluebackup"
--------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------
xfsdump: level 0 dump of localhost.localdomain:/blue
xfsdump: dump date: Wed Jul 18 10:16:24 2018
xfsdump: session id: 3a16a0e4-7735-4044-95e5-f8502975eeb8
xfsdump: session label: "bluebackup"
xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list
xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)
xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)
xfsdump: ino map construction complete
xfsdump: estimated dump size: 162688 bytes
xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created
============================= media label dialog =============================
please enter label for media in drive 0 (timeout in 300 sec)
->
media label entered: ""
--------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------
xfsdump: WARNING: no media label specified
xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)
xfsdump: dumping ino map
xfsdump: dumping directories
xfsdump: dumping non-directory files
xfsdump: ending media file
xfsdump: media file size 116840 bytes
xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 82016 bytes
xfsdump: dump complete: 42 seconds elapsed
xfsdump: Dump Summary:
xfsdump: stream 0 /tmp/dumptest OK (success)
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
// 다른 터미널창 열어서...
[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /blue/*
----> 안 넘어감
// 다른 터미널창 열어서...
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_freeze -u /blue //해동
[root@localhost ~]# xfsrestore -f /tmp/dumptest /blue // 복구
10. 파일시스템 구조
[root@localhost ~]# ls -il // inode까지 보여주라
합계 8
33582160 -rw-------. 1 root root 1658 7월 16 15:25 anaconda-ks.cfg
33582164 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1706 7월 16 15:30 initial-setup-ks.cfg
1927028 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 공개
33582195 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 다운로드
18288195 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 문서
18288192 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 바탕화면
1927029 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 비디오
52291900 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 사진
52291899 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 서식
33582196 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 7월 16 15:30 음악
11. SWAP
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb1
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 585916 KiB
no label, UUID=83e8fed9-8328-4a84-a924-c00758d37113
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s // swap 만들었다고 바로 swap 활성화되지 않는다.
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 0 -1
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 ext4label 5c30e23a-78a9-40ff-87d4-ecb52b08e35d /red
├─sda2
└─sda5 xfs xfslabel 8ef63baf-3427-4ac0-9200-56cc7b6bd1f8 /blue
sdb
├─sdb1 swap 83e8fed9-8328-4a84-a924-c00758d37113
└─sdb2
vda
├─vda1 xfs 6ad7f1e0-44ee-447e-9722-e025d75aa66b /boot
└─vda2 LVM2_mem S9z7ps-wqio-Aj4S-u2M7-mrqh-Nn0D-YKqJwp
├─cl-root xfs bcce7fe1-2bbe-4d56-a827-938192523236 /
└─cl-swap swap 879c7cab-d3c7-478f-b9fc-93b5fceb9fe4 [SWAP]
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1 // swap on 시켜야 한다.
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 0 -1
/dev/sdb1 partition 585916 0 -2
[root@localhost ~]#
// 재부팅하면 swap 없어진다. 그래서 fstab에 올려줘야 한다.
// 스왑 일단 비활성화
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 0 -1
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 16 15:03:03 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=6ad7f1e0-44ee-447e-9722-e025d75aa66b /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
LABEL=ext4label /red ext4 defaults 0 2
UUID=8ef63baf-3427-4ac0-9200-56cc7b6bd1f8 /blue xfs defaults 0 2
UUID=83e8fed9-8328-4a84-a924-c00758d37113 swap swap pri=10 0 0 // priority가 높을수록 더 빨리 사용됨.
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a // 스왑 모두 활성화
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 0 -1
/dev/sdb1 partition 585916 0 10
[root@localhost ~]#
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